Theory x and theory y of motivation pdf files

Theory x and theory y were developed by a mit management professor douglas murray mcgregor. Jul 08, 2017 motivation implies the act of stimulating or inspiring subordinates to pursue the desired course of action. Theory x was based on a number of key assumptions, the most important of which was that individuals instinctively didnt like work. However, the literature has a limited number of studies. Mostly this is because of the very serious lack of sound data in this area. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave character of the. In relation to theory y, the organization is trying to create the most symbiotic relationship between the managers and workers, which relates to maslows needs for selfactualization. It is something that makes people act or behave in a particular manner.

Oct, 2017 find out how your management style reflects your beliefs about your teams motivation and explore how you can adopt a style that enables your team to be more productive. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. The climate in a theory x organisation tends to be impersonal and the theory suggests carrot and stick approach to motivation. In theory y, the organization is trying to create the most symbiotic relationship between the managers and workers. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and while more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregors xy theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive. Pdf leadership style and organizational performance have been researched extensively. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. Explain the implications of theory x, theory y, and theory z for employee management mcgregors theory x and theory y the idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s.

Mcgregor felt that companies followed either one of these approaches. Given the drawbacks of theory x, mcgregor developed an alternative theory of human behavior called theory y. Theory x and theory y motivation selfimprovement scribd. To get to the bottom of these important questions, you can look to the help of theory x and theory y. Theory x the theory leads to mistrust, highly restrictive supervision, a punitive atmosphere, threat and coercion to gain employees compliance theory x managers feel the sole purpose of the employees interest in the job is money they will blame the person, without questioning whether it may be the system. Douglas mcgregor put forward a theory of motivation, called as theory x and theory y. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor. Find out how your management style reflects your beliefs about your teams motivation and explore how you can adopt a style that enables your team to be more productive.

Theory x, theory y, and theory z introduction to business. Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi theory x an authoritarian style of management the average worker dislikes work. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Theory x and theory y relates to maslows hierarchy of needs. Herzbergs motivation hygiene two factor theory, 3 mcgregors x y theories, and 4 mcclel lands need for achievement theory. The theory x and theory y are the theories of motivation given by douglas mcgregor in 1960s. The xy theory diagram and measurement tool below pdf and doc versions are adaptations. Otokiti 2000 mcgregors theory x and y remains central to organisational development and to improving organisational culture. Theory x says that the average human being is lazy and self. Given the drawbacks of theoryx, mcgregor developed an alternative theory of human behavior called theoryy. The average human being does not inherently dislike work. The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest.

Mar 21, 20 theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. Theory x and theory y are theories of human motivation created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s. Theory x and theory y were first explained by mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise, and they refer to two styles of management authoritarian theory x and participative theory y. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Theory x and theory y in 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Dislikes work and attempts to avoid it centered and, therefore, does not care about organizational goals resists change act irresponsibly weinbach, 2008 designed to enforce compliance. Theory x and theory y team management training from. Application of theory x and y in classroom management by. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, mcgregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done.

The paper also summarised the application of theory x and y in classroom management and also. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. Theory x and theory y 875 assumptions about human behavior in organiza importance tions, even if they are unaware of doing so. Make employees feel secure enough to express ideas and ask questions.

Leaders managers who adhere to theory x assume that the average person. People will exercise selfdirection and selfcontrol if they are committed to the objectives. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. The second described people as mcgregor thought them to be. The purpose of this paper is to apply mcgregors theory x and theory y to study teacher motivation in higher education.

Theory x theory x assumes that employees are naturally unmotivated and dislike working, and this encourages an authoritarian style of management. Features of mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Theory x and theory y were developed in the 1960s and describe two different, almost opposite, attitudes to motivation in the workplace. In order to avoid prejudgment, he named them x and y. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. Pdf on nov 1, 2017, mohammad saiful islam and others published application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. It also focuses on the characteristics of theory x and y and how to manage upwards theory x boss in any organisation. Xteacher and theory yteacher in the 1960s, douglas mcgregor from mit came up with the theoryx and theoryy to describe styles of managers. Maslow states that people are motivated by unmet needs which are in a hierarchical order that prevents us from being motivated by a need area unless all lower level needs have been met. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to assemble the factors of. Pdf theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia.

Theory y put forward the idea that management by objectives and involving workers in the decisionmaking process would lead to the creation of a satisfied and more productive workforce. Oct 26, 2015 douglas mcgregors view is that there are two theories of motivation. These theories describe two contrasting models of workforce motivation that. According to mcgregor, the perception of managers on the nature of. If a man ager uses theory y assumptions with a group of innovators, he or she is. Theory y managers are obviously the easiest to handle. Second, mcgregor, a seminal figure in the field of manage two broad categories of managerial assump ment. Kopelman and others published theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia of management theories find, read and cite all the research you need on. The theories attempt to show how a managers perception of his team affects the behaviour of the manager and how they treat their team. Venugopalan maslows theory of motivation its relevance and application. Theory x and y were created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s 2. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. Therefore most people must be motivated by forcedbribed with the threat of punishment or a reward to produce effort and work towards organizational objectives.

Xy theory mcgregor divided managers understanding, attitude and viewpoint regarding nature and motivation of people into two categories. According to this view, management must actively intervene to get things done. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. The concept of theory x and theory y was first proposed by douglas mcgregor in his book human side of enterprise as a alternative sets assumptions about behavior and nature of people at work. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. Much more difficult to receive, from a feedback perspective, is a strictly theory x approach. A theory of human motivation 4 it is far easier to perceive and to criticize the aspects in motivation theory than to remedy them. Theory y assumes that people are selfmotivated, and thrive on responsibility. Important research by michael kirton presents a different model of creativity that explains the failure of theory y and justi. Theory x and theory y essay sample new york essays. Theory y is positive, participating and democratic. Designmethodologyapproach an empirical study was conducted through. Based on the premises concerning human behaviour, prof. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour.

Theory x theory y attitude people dislike work, find it boring, try to avoid it. Innovators and adapters respond differently to a theory y style of leadership. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. I conceive this lack of sound facts to be due primarily to the absence of a valid theory of motivation. Kopelman and others published theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia of management theories find. And theory x theory y was based on mcgregors book of 1960s called the human side of enterprise. Motivation, theory x and y, classroom, management manager and organisation introduction douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y in his book the human side of enterprise in 1960. Mar 08, 2008 theory x and theory y was created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous xy theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Manager adopting theory y believes people want to do well at work the employees are a pool of unused creativity that the satisfaction of doing a job is in itself motivating 7. Management style and control in a theory x organization, management is authoritarian, and centralized control is retained, whilst in theory y, the management style is participative. If you believe that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation, then, according to mcgregor, youll likely use an. Management involves employees in decision making, but retains power to implement. In this theory, management assumes that employees are.

Contemporary theories of motivation in organizational. No one doubts the importance of motivation, but the source of that motivation is the point of great contention in the business world. Theory x and theory y of motivation explain with examples. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Theory x and theory y understanding peoples motivations. It describes two very different attitudes towards workforce motivation. X and y theory question 1 explain theory x and theory y.

Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi. Mcclellands theory of needs david mcclelland carried out studies on motivation in early years of 1950s. Mcgregor recognised certain needs that theory x fails to take into account. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Dec 25, 20 theory x and theory y relate to maslows hierarchy of needs in how human behavior and motivation are main priorities in the workplace in order to maximize output. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model. The x y theory questionnaire page 1 of 2 indicates whether the situation and management style is the x or y style. Theory y is based on a faulty conception of human nature. Douglas mcgregor, through his wellknown theory x and theory y, drew a distinction between the assumptions about human motivation which underlie these two approaches, to this effect. As the name would imply, these two common theories stand in opposition to one another on the point of motivation.

Motivating people using theory x and theory y youtube. It postulates that people can be basically self directed and creative at work, if properly motivated. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave. They are theories of human motivation that provide a framework for how managers use behavior and tools in the workplace to encourage productivity. Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison. Control, achievement and continuous improvement achieved by enabling, empowering and giving responsibility.

Employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play. Understanding theory x and theory y theory x and theory y were first explained by mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise, and they refer to two styles of management authoritarian theory x and participative theory y. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to. Theory y assumptions the expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. Perception of management toward the employees in the banking industry of. Question 1 explain theory x and theory y and show how as a manager you would apply it to motivate your staff. In actual practice, most managers today practice a combination of theory x and theory y styles of management. Theory x and theory y of motivation theory x and theory y of motivation by mcgregors external motivation includes the forces which exist inside the individuals as well as the controlled by the manager, including items such as salaries, working conditions, company policy and job content items, such as recognition. Motivation theory x and theory y free management books. Theory y mcgregors theory y is the root cause of employee empowerment. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. This approach is derived from fred fiedlers research over various leadership styles known as the contingency theory. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Mcgregor x and y theory of motivation pdf theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of.

Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its. This theory assumes that, people are not, by nature, lazy and unreliable. Theory x and theory y 875 assumptions about human behavior in organiza importance. Since their style of directing is encouraging, it only becomes a problem when its noticeably disingenuous or ineffective with the team as a whole. Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and. Theory y is based upon an incomplete theory of human motivation that erroneously assumes that all people are creative and want to be creative in the same way. Sep 02, 2015 manager adopting theory y believes people want to do well at work the employees are a pool of unused creativity that the satisfaction of doing a job is in itself motivating 7. Xteacher and theory yteacher aboluays anas musings. Douglas mcgregors view is that there are two theories of motivation. Theory x managers do not give their staff this opportunity so that the employees behave in the expected fashion.